Add better handling of deprecated configs (#20565)

* Add better handling of deprecated configs

* Embed the call to has_at_most_one_key in deprecated

* Add tests for checking the deprecated logs

* Add thoroughly documented tests

* Always check has_at_most_one_key

* Fix typing

* Move logging helpers to homea new logging helper

* Lint

* Rename to KeywordMessage instead of BraceMessage

* Remove unneeded KeywordStyleAdapter

* Lint

* Use dict directly rather than dict.keys() when creating set

* Patch the version in unit tests, update logging and use parse_version

* Re-add KeywordStyleAdapter and fix tests

* Lint

* Lint

homeassistant/helpers/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Helpers for logging allowing more advanced logging styles to be used."""
+import inspect
+import logging
+
+
+class KeywordMessage:
+    """
+    Represents a logging message with keyword arguments.
+
+    Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/24683360/2267718
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fmt, args, kwargs):
+        """Initialize a new BraceMessage object."""
+        self._fmt = fmt
+        self._args = args
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Convert the object to a string for logging."""
+        return str(self._fmt).format(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
+
+
+class KeywordStyleAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
+    """Represents an adapter wrapping the logger allowing KeywordMessages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, logger, extra=None):
+        """Initialize a new StyleAdapter for the provided logger."""
+        super(KeywordStyleAdapter, self).__init__(logger, extra or {})
+
+    def log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Log the message provided at the appropriate level."""
+        if self.isEnabledFor(level):
+            msg, log_kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)
+            self.logger._log(  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                level, KeywordMessage(msg, args, kwargs), (), **log_kwargs
+            )
+
+    def process(self, msg, kwargs):
+        """Process the keyward args in preparation for logging."""
+        return (
+            msg,
+            {
+                k: kwargs[k]
+                for k in inspect.getfullargspec(
+                    self.logger._log  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                ).args[1:] if k in kwargs
+            }
+        )