Fix a few more cases of math block highlighting

Fixes #135254

extensions/markdown-math/syntaxes/md-math-inline.tmLanguage.json

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 	"patterns": [
 		{
 			"include": "#math_inline"
+		},
+		{
+			"include": "#math_inline_block"
 		}
 	],
 	"repository": {
@@ -26,6 +29,27 @@
 					"name": "punctuation.definition.math.begin.markdown"
 				}
 			}
+		},
+		"math_inline_block": {
+			"name": "markup.math.inline.markdown",
+			"contentName": "meta.embedded.math.markdown",
+			"begin": "(?<=\\s|^)(\\${2})",
+			"beginCaptures": {
+				"2": {
+					"name": "punctuation.definition.math.begin.markdown"
+				}
+			},
+			"end": "(\\${2})(?=\\s|$)",
+			"endCaptures": {
+				"2": {
+					"name": "punctuation.definition.math.end.markdown"
+				}
+			},
+			"patterns": [
+				{
+					"include": "text.html.markdown.math#math"
+				}
+			]
 		}
 	},
 	"scopeName": "markdown.math.inline"