Engineering - Add GitHub action for pull requests (#254056)

* Test - handle running tests as part of a GitHub action

* Add GitHub action files

.github/workflows/pr-linux-cli-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      job_name:
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      rustup_toolchain:
+        type: string
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  linux-cli-test:
+    name: ${{ inputs.job_name }}
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, 1ES.Pool=1es-vscode-oss-ubuntu-22.04-x64 ]
+    env:
+      RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ inputs.rustup_toolchain }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout microsoft/vscode
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y --profile minimal --default-toolchain $RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN
+          echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Set Rust version
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          rustup default $RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN
+          rustup update $RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN
+          rustup component add clippy
+
+      - name: Check Rust versions
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          rustc --version
+          cargo --version
+
+      - name: Clippy lint
+        run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
+        working-directory: cli
+
+      - name: 🧪 Run unit tests
+        run: cargo test
+        working-directory: cli