diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-node-modules.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-node-modules.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a35033197b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-node-modules.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+name: Code OSS (node_modules)
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  linux:
+    name: Linux
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, 1ES.Pool=1es-vscode-oss-ubuntu-22.04-x64 ]
+    env:
+      NPM_ARCH: x64
+      VSCODE_ARCH: x64
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout microsoft/vscode
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version-file: .nvmrc
+        env:
+          NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR: https://github.com/joaomoreno/node-mirror/releases/download
+
+      - name: Prepare node_modules cache key
+        run: mkdir -p .build && node build/azure-pipelines/common/computeNodeModulesCacheKey.js linux $VSCODE_ARCH $(node -p process.arch) > .build/packagelockhash
+
+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        id: cache-node-modules
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: .build/node_modules_cache
+          key: "node_modules-${{ hashFiles('.build/packagelockhash') }}"
+
+      - name: Extract node_modules cache
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: tar -xzf .build/node_modules_cache/cache.tgz
+
+      - name: Install build dependencies
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        working-directory: build
+        run: |
+          set -e
+
+          for i in {1..5}; do # try 5 times
+            npm ci && break
+            if [ $i -eq 5 ]; then
+              echo "Npm install failed too many times" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "Npm install failed $i, trying again..."
+          done
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+
+          source ./build/azure-pipelines/linux/setup-env.sh
+
+          for i in {1..5}; do # try 5 times
+            npm ci && break
+            if [ $i -eq 5 ]; then
+              echo "Npm install failed too many times" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "Npm install failed $i, trying again..."
+          done
+        env:
+          npm_config_arch: ${{ env.NPM_ARCH }}
+          VSCODE_ARCH: ${{ env.VSCODE_ARCH }}
+          ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Create node_modules archive
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          node build/azure-pipelines/common/listNodeModules.js .build/node_modules_list.txt
+          mkdir -p .build/node_modules_cache
+          tar -czf .build/node_modules_cache/cache.tgz --files-from .build/node_modules_list.txt
+
+  macOS:
+    name: macOS
+    runs-on: macos-14-xlarge
+    env:
+      NPM_ARCH: arm64
+      VSCODE_ARCH: arm64
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout microsoft/vscode
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version-file: .nvmrc
+        env:
+          NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR: https://github.com/joaomoreno/node-mirror/releases/download
+
+      - name: Prepare node_modules cache key
+        run: mkdir -p .build && node build/azure-pipelines/common/computeNodeModulesCacheKey.js darwin $VSCODE_ARCH $(node -p process.arch) > .build/packagelockhash
+
+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        id: cache-node-modules
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: .build/node_modules_cache
+          key: "node_modules-${{ hashFiles('.build/packagelockhash') }}"
+
+      - name: Extract node_modules cache
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: tar -xzf .build/node_modules_cache/cache.tgz
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          c++ --version
+          xcode-select -print-path
+          python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages setuptools
+
+          for i in {1..5}; do # try 5 times
+            npm ci && break
+            if [ $i -eq 5 ]; then
+              echo "Npm install failed too many times" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "Npm install failed $i, trying again..."
+          done
+        env:
+          npm_config_arch: ${{ env.NPM_ARCH }}
+          VSCODE_ARCH: ${{ env.VSCODE_ARCH }}
+          ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # Avoid using dlopen to load Kerberos on macOS which can cause missing libraries
+          # https://github.com/mongodb-js/kerberos/commit/04044d2814ad1d01e77f1ce87f26b03d86692cf2
+          # flipped the default to support legacy linux distros which shouldn't happen
+          # on macOS.
+          GYP_DEFINES: "kerberos_use_rtld=false"
+
+      - name: Create node_modules archive
+        if: steps.cache-node-modules.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          node build/azure-pipelines/common/listNodeModules.js .build/node_modules_list.txt
+          mkdir -p .build/node_modules_cache
+          tar -czf .build/node_modules_cache/cache.tgz --files-from .build/node_modules_list.txt
+
+  windows:
+    name: Windows
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, 1ES.Pool=1es-vscode-oss-windows-2022-x64 ]
+    env:
+      NPM_ARCH: x64
+      VSCODE_ARCH: x64
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout microsoft/vscode
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version-file: .nvmrc
+        env:
+          NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR: https://github.com/joaomoreno/node-mirror/releases/download
+
+      - name: Prepare node_modules cache key
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          mkdir .build -ea 0
+          node build/azure-pipelines/common/computeNodeModulesCacheKey.js win32 ${{ env.VSCODE_ARCH }} $(node -p process.arch) > .build/packagelockhash
+
+      - name: Restore node_modules cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        id: node-modules-cache
+        with:
+          path: .build/node_modules_cache
+          key: "node_modules-${{ hashFiles('.build/packagelockhash') }}"
+
+      - name: Extract node_modules cache
+        if: steps.node-modules-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: 7z.exe x .build/node_modules_cache/cache.7z -aoa
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.node-modules-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          . build/azure-pipelines/win32/exec.ps1
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          for ($i = 1; $i -le 5; $i++) {
+            try {
+              exec { npm ci }
+              break
+            }
+            catch {
+              if ($i -eq 5) {
+                Write-Error "npm ci failed after 5 attempts"
+                throw
+              }
+              Write-Host "npm ci failed attempt $i, retrying..."
+              Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
+            }
+          }
+        env:
+          npm_config_arch: ${{ env.NPM_ARCH }}
+          npm_config_foreground_scripts: "true"
+          VSCODE_ARCH: ${{ env.VSCODE_ARCH }}
+          ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD: 1
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Create node_modules archive
+        if: steps.node-modules-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          . build/azure-pipelines/win32/exec.ps1
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          exec { node build/azure-pipelines/common/listNodeModules.js .build/node_modules_list.txt }
+          exec { mkdir -Force .build/node_modules_cache }
+          exec { 7z.exe a .build/node_modules_cache/cache.7z -mx3 `@.build/node_modules_list.txt }