ci: add retry logic for apt failures (#227420)

Based on https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/ubuntu22/20240825.1/images/ubuntu/scripts/build/configure-apt-mock.sh

build/azure-pipelines/linux/apt-retry.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+################################################################################
+##  Copied from https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/ubuntu22/20240825.1/images/ubuntu/scripts/build/configure-apt-mock.sh
+################################################################################
+
+i=1
+while [ $i -le 30 ];do
+  err=$(mktemp)
+  "$@" 2>$err
+
+  # no errors, break the loop and continue normal flow
+  test -f $err || break
+  cat $err >&2
+
+  retry=false
+
+  if grep -q 'Could not get lock' $err;then
+    # apt db locked needs retry
+    retry=true
+  elif grep -q 'Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists' $err;then
+    # apt update is not completed, needs retry
+    retry=true
+  elif grep -q 'IPC connect call failed' $err;then
+    # the delay should help with gpg-agent not ready
+    retry=true
+  elif grep -q 'Temporary failure in name resolution' $err;then
+    # It looks like DNS is not updated with random generated hostname yet
+    retry=true
+  elif grep -q 'dpkg frontend is locked by another process' $err;then
+    # dpkg process is busy by another process
+    retry=true
+  fi
+
+  rm $err
+  if [ $retry = false ]; then
+    break
+  fi
+
+  sleep 5
+  echo "...retry $i"
+  i=$((i + 1))
+done