diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/api/common/extHostNotebook.ts b/src/vs/workbench/api/common/extHostNotebook.ts
index 2cd2da1b021..0566d3c40b5 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/api/common/extHostNotebook.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/api/common/extHostNotebook.ts
@@ -962,16 +962,13 @@ export class ExtHostNotebookController implements ExtHostNotebookShape, ExtHostN
 			// Serialized INotebookCellActionContext
 			processArgument: (arg) => {
 				if (arg && arg.$mid === 12) {
-					const documentHandle = arg.notebookEditor?.notebookHandle;
+					const notebookUri = arg.notebookEditor?.notebookUri;
 					const cellHandle = arg.cell.handle;
 
-					for (const value of this._editors) {
-						if (value[1].editor.notebookData.handle === documentHandle) {
-							const cell = value[1].editor.notebookData.getCell(cellHandle);
-							if (cell) {
-								return cell.cell;
-							}
-						}
+					const data = this._documents.get(notebookUri);
+					const cell = data?.getCell(cellHandle);
+					if (cell) {
+						return cell.cell;
 					}
 				}
 				return arg;
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditor.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditor.ts
index a60746ceea9..03021e5ba4d 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditor.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditor.ts
@@ -266,9 +266,9 @@ export class NotebookEditor extends EditorPane {
 		super.dispose();
 	}
 
-	toJSON(): object {
-		return {
-			notebookHandle: this.viewModel?.handle
-		};
-	}
+	// toJSON(): object {
+	// 	return {
+	// 		notebookHandle: this.viewModel?.handle
+	// 	};
+	// }
 }
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditorWidget.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditorWidget.ts
index b2588dd631b..03aac260dd6 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditorWidget.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookEditorWidget.ts
@@ -1735,9 +1735,9 @@ export class NotebookEditorWidget extends Disposable implements INotebookEditor
 		super.dispose();
 	}
 
-	toJSON(): object {
+	toJSON(): { notebookUri: URI | undefined } {
 		return {
-			notebookHandle: this.viewModel?.handle
+			notebookUri: this.viewModel?.uri,
 		};
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookServiceImpl.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookServiceImpl.ts
index ad28bde4973..3743654a065 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookServiceImpl.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/notebookServiceImpl.ts
@@ -225,7 +225,6 @@ class ModelData implements IDisposable {
 }
 export class NotebookService extends Disposable implements INotebookService, ICustomEditorViewTypesHandler {
 	declare readonly _serviceBrand: undefined;
-	static mainthreadNotebookDocumentHandle: number = 0;
 	private readonly _notebookProviders = new Map<string, { controller: IMainNotebookController, extensionData: NotebookExtensionDescription }>();
 	notebookProviderInfoStore: NotebookProviderInfoStore;
 	notebookRenderersInfoStore: NotebookOutputRendererInfoStore = new NotebookOutputRendererInfoStore();
@@ -622,7 +621,7 @@ export class NotebookService extends Disposable implements INotebookService, ICu
 			return notebookModel;
 
 		} else {
-			notebookModel = this._instantiationService.createInstance(NotebookTextModel, NotebookService.mainthreadNotebookDocumentHandle++, viewType, provider.controller.supportBackup, uri);
+			notebookModel = this._instantiationService.createInstance(NotebookTextModel, viewType, provider.controller.supportBackup, uri);
 			await provider.controller.createNotebook(notebookModel, backupId);
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/viewModel/notebookViewModel.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/viewModel/notebookViewModel.ts
index b06cb8d453a..f3f812d3dda 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/viewModel/notebookViewModel.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/browser/viewModel/notebookViewModel.ts
@@ -170,10 +170,6 @@ export class NotebookViewModel extends Disposable implements EditorFoldingStateD
 		return this._notebook;
 	}
 
-	get handle() {
-		return this._notebook.handle;
-	}
-
 	get resolvedLanguages() {
 		return this._notebook.resolvedLanguages;
 	}
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/model/notebookTextModel.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/model/notebookTextModel.ts
index 5400cb3a35a..e30e36efe6f 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/model/notebookTextModel.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/model/notebookTextModel.ts
@@ -164,10 +164,9 @@ export class NotebookTextModel extends Disposable implements INotebookTextModel
 	private _operationManager: NotebookOperationManager;
 
 	constructor(
-		public handle: number,
-		public viewType: string,
-		public supportBackup: boolean,
-		public uri: URI,
+		readonly viewType: string,
+		readonly supportBackup: boolean,
+		readonly uri: URI,
 		@IUndoRedoService private _undoService: IUndoRedoService,
 		@ITextModelService private _modelService: ITextModelService,
 		@IModeService private readonly _modeService: IModeService,
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/notebookCommon.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/notebookCommon.ts
index b8753742ac4..fe94a91d7ce 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/notebookCommon.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/common/notebookCommon.ts
@@ -270,7 +270,6 @@ export interface IMetadata {
 }
 
 export interface INotebookTextModel {
-	handle: number;
 	viewType: string;
 	metadata: NotebookDocumentMetadata
 	readonly uri: URI;
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/notebookViewModel.test.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/notebookViewModel.test.ts
index 437aecd46ac..5e2037d1a14 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/notebookViewModel.test.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/notebookViewModel.test.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ suite('NotebookViewModel', () => {
 	const modeService = instantiationService.get(IModeService);
 
 	test('ctor', function () {
-		const notebook = new NotebookTextModel(0, 'notebook', false, URI.parse('test'), undoRedoService, textModelService, modeService);
+		const notebook = new NotebookTextModel('notebook', false, URI.parse('test'), undoRedoService, textModelService, modeService);
 		const model = new NotebookEditorTestModel(notebook);
 		const eventDispatcher = new NotebookEventDispatcher();
 		const viewModel = new NotebookViewModel('notebook', model.notebook, eventDispatcher, null, instantiationService, blukEditService, undoRedoService);
diff --git a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/testNotebookEditor.ts b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/testNotebookEditor.ts
index 33146612f34..adb0abc97d0 100644
--- a/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/testNotebookEditor.ts
+++ b/src/vs/workbench/contrib/notebook/test/testNotebookEditor.ts
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ export function withTestNotebook(instantiationService: TestInstantiationService,
 
 	const viewType = 'notebook';
 	const editor = new TestNotebookEditor();
-	const notebook = new NotebookTextModel(0, viewType, false, URI.parse('test'), undoRedoService, textModelService, modeService);
+	const notebook = new NotebookTextModel(viewType, false, URI.parse('test'), undoRedoService, textModelService, modeService);
 	notebook.initialize(cells.map(cell => {
 		return {
 			source: cell[0],