Handle multiple identical near simultaneous DNS queries better.

Previously, such queries would all be forwarded
independently. This is, in theory, inefficent but in practise
not a problem, _except_ that is means that an answer for any
of the forwarded queries will be accepted and cached.
An attacker can send a query multiple times, and for each repeat,
another {port, ID} becomes capable of accepting the answer he is
sending in the blind, to random IDs and ports. The chance of a
succesful attack is therefore multiplied by the number of repeats
of the query. The new behaviour detects repeated queries and
merely stores the clients sending repeats so that when the
first query completes, the answer can be sent to all the
clients who asked. Refer: CERT VU#434904.

CHANGELOG

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version 2.83
 
 	Be sure to only accept UDP DNS query replies at the address
 	from which the query was originated. This keeps as much entropy
-	in the {query-ID, random-port} tuple as possible, help defeat
+	in the {query-ID, random-port} tuple as possible, to help defeat
 	cache poisoning attacks. Refer: CERT VU#434904.
 
 	Use the SHA-256 hash function to verify that DNS answers
@@ -16,6 +16,20 @@ version 2.83
 	the slightly insecure SHA-1 (when compiled with DNSSEC) or
 	the very insecure CRC32 (otherwise). Refer: CERT VU#434904.
 
+	Handle multiple identical near simultaneous DNS queries better.
+	Previously, such queries would all be forwarded
+	independently. This is, in theory, inefficent but in practise
+	not a problem, _except_ that is means that an answer for any
+	of the forwarded queries will be accepted and cached.
+	An attacker can send a query multiple times, and for each repeat,
+	another {port, ID} becomes capable of accepting the answer he is
+	sending in the blind, to random IDs and ports. The chance of a
+	succesful attack is therefore multiplied by the number of repeats
+	of the query. The new behaviour detects repeated queries and
+	merely stores the clients sending repeats so that when the
+	first query completes, the answer can be sent to all the
+	clients who asked. Refer: CERT VU#434904.
+	
 
 version 2.82
 	Improve behaviour in the face of network interfaces which come

src/dnsmasq.h

@@ -654,18 +654,23 @@ struct hostsfile {
 #define FREC_ADDED_PHEADER    128
 #define FREC_TEST_PKTSZ       256
 #define FREC_HAS_EXTRADATA    512
+#define FREC_HAS_PHEADER     1024
 
 #define HASH_SIZE 32 /* SHA-256 digest size */
 
 struct frec {
-  union mysockaddr source;
+  struct frec_src {
-  union all_addr dest;
+    union mysockaddr source;
+    union all_addr dest;
+    unsigned int iface, log_id;
+    unsigned short orig_id;
+    struct frec_src *next;
+  } frec_src;
   struct server *sentto; /* NULL means free */
   struct randfd *rfd4;
   struct randfd *rfd6;
-  unsigned int iface;
+  unsigned short new_id;
-  unsigned short orig_id, new_id;
+  int fd, forwardall, flags;
-  int log_id, fd, forwardall, flags;
   time_t time;
   unsigned char *hash[HASH_SIZE];
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC 
@@ -1093,6 +1098,8 @@ extern struct daemon {
   int back_to_the_future;
 #endif
   struct frec *frec_list;
+  struct frec_src *free_frec_src;
+  int frec_src_count;
   struct serverfd *sfds;
   struct irec *interfaces;
   struct listener *listeners;

src/forward.c

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ static struct frec *lookup_frec(unsigned short id, int fd, int family, void *has
 static struct frec *lookup_frec_by_sender(unsigned short id,
 					  union mysockaddr *addr,
 					  void *hash);
+static struct frec *lookup_frec_by_query(void *hash, unsigned int flags);
+
 static unsigned short get_id(void);
 static void free_frec(struct frec *f);
 
@@ -255,6 +257,7 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
   int type = SERV_DO_DNSSEC, norebind = 0;
   union all_addr *addrp = NULL;
   unsigned int flags = 0;
+  unsigned int fwd_flags = 0;
   struct server *start = NULL;
   void *hash = hash_questions(header, plen, daemon->namebuff);
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
@@ -264,6 +267,17 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
   unsigned char *oph = find_pseudoheader(header, plen, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   (void)do_bit;
   
+  if (header->hb4 & HB4_CD)
+    fwd_flags |= FREC_CHECKING_DISABLED;
+  if (ad_reqd)
+    fwd_flags |= FREC_AD_QUESTION;
+  if (oph)
+    fwd_flags |= FREC_HAS_PHEADER;
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+  if (do_bit)
+    fwd_flags |= FREC_DO_QUESTION;
+#endif
+  
   /* may be no servers available. */
   if (forward || (forward = lookup_frec_by_sender(ntohs(header->id), udpaddr, hash)))
     {
@@ -336,6 +350,39 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
     }
   else 
     {
+      /* Query from new source, but the same query may be in progress
+	 from another source. If so, just add this client to the
+	 list that will get the reply.
+	 
+	 Note that is the EDNS client subnet option is in use, we can't do this,
+	 as the clients (and therefore query EDNS options) will be different
+	 for each query. The EDNS subnet code has checks to avoid
+	 attacks in this case. */
+      if (!option_bool(OPT_CLIENT_SUBNET) && (forward = lookup_frec_by_query(hash, fwd_flags)))
+	{
+	  /* Note whine_malloc() zeros memory. */
+	  if (!daemon->free_frec_src &&
+	      daemon->frec_src_count < daemon->ftabsize &&
+	      (daemon->free_frec_src = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct frec_src))))
+	    daemon->frec_src_count++;
+	  
+	  /* If we've been spammed with many duplicates, just drop the query. */
+	  if (daemon->free_frec_src)
+	    {
+	      struct frec_src *new = daemon->free_frec_src;
+	      daemon->free_frec_src = new->next;
+	      new->next = forward->frec_src.next;
+	      forward->frec_src.next = new;
+	      new->orig_id = ntohs(header->id);
+	      new->source = *udpaddr;
+	      new->dest = *dst_addr;
+	      new->log_id = daemon->log_id;
+	      new->iface = dst_iface;
+	    }
+	  
+	  return 1;
+	}
+	
       if (gotname)
 	flags = search_servers(now, &addrp, gotname, daemon->namebuff, &type, &domain, &norebind);
       
@@ -350,15 +397,15 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
       
       if (forward)
 	{
-	  forward->source = *udpaddr;
+	  forward->frec_src.source = *udpaddr;
-	  forward->dest = *dst_addr;
+	  forward->frec_src.orig_id = ntohs(header->id);
-	  forward->iface = dst_iface;
+	  forward->frec_src.dest = *dst_addr;
-	  forward->orig_id = ntohs(header->id);
+	  forward->frec_src.iface = dst_iface;
 	  forward->new_id = get_id();
 	  forward->fd = udpfd;
 	  memcpy(forward->hash, hash, HASH_SIZE);
 	  forward->forwardall = 0;
-	  forward->flags = 0;
+	  forward->flags = fwd_flags;
 	  if (norebind)
 	    forward->flags |= FREC_NOREBIND;
 	  if (header->hb4 & HB4_CD)
@@ -413,9 +460,9 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
       unsigned char *pheader;
       
       /* If a query is retried, use the log_id for the retry when logging the answer. */
-      forward->log_id = daemon->log_id;
+      forward->frec_src.log_id = daemon->log_id;
       
-      plen = add_edns0_config(header, plen, ((unsigned char *)header) + PACKETSZ, &forward->source, now, &subnet);
+      plen = add_edns0_config(header, plen, ((unsigned char *)header) + PACKETSZ, &forward->frec_src.source, now, &subnet);
       
       if (subnet)
 	forward->flags |= FREC_HAS_SUBNET;
@@ -552,7 +599,7 @@ static int forward_query(int udpfd, union mysockaddr *udpaddr,
 	return 1;
       
       /* could not send on, prepare to return */ 
-      header->id = htons(forward->orig_id);
+      header->id = htons(forward->frec_src.orig_id);
       free_frec(forward); /* cancel */
     }	  
   
@@ -804,8 +851,8 @@ void reply_query(int fd, int family, time_t now)
 
   /* log_query gets called indirectly all over the place, so 
      pass these in global variables - sorry. */
-  daemon->log_display_id = forward->log_id;
+  daemon->log_display_id = forward->frec_src.log_id;
-  daemon->log_source_addr = &forward->source;
+  daemon->log_source_addr = &forward->frec_src.source;
   
   if (daemon->ignore_addr && RCODE(header) == NOERROR &&
       check_for_ignored_address(header, n, daemon->ignore_addr))
@@ -1080,6 +1127,7 @@ void reply_query(int fd, int family, time_t now)
 		      new->sentto = server;
 		      new->rfd4 = NULL;
 		      new->rfd6 = NULL;
+		      new->frec_src.next = NULL;
 		      new->flags &= ~(FREC_DNSKEY_QUERY | FREC_DS_QUERY | FREC_HAS_EXTRADATA);
 		      new->forwardall = 0;
 		      
@@ -1215,9 +1263,11 @@ void reply_query(int fd, int family, time_t now)
       
       if ((nn = process_reply(header, now, forward->sentto, (size_t)n, check_rebind, no_cache_dnssec, cache_secure, bogusanswer, 
 			      forward->flags & FREC_AD_QUESTION, forward->flags & FREC_DO_QUESTION, 
-			      forward->flags & FREC_ADDED_PHEADER, forward->flags & FREC_HAS_SUBNET, &forward->source)))
+			      forward->flags & FREC_ADDED_PHEADER, forward->flags & FREC_HAS_SUBNET, &forward->frec_src.source)))
 	{
-	  header->id = htons(forward->orig_id);
+	  struct frec_src *src;
+
+	  header->id = htons(forward->frec_src.orig_id);
 	  header->hb4 |= HB4_RA; /* recursion if available */
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
 	  /* We added an EDNSO header for the purpose of getting DNSSEC RRs, and set the value of the UDP payload size
@@ -1233,13 +1283,26 @@ void reply_query(int fd, int family, time_t now)
 	    }
 #endif
 
+	  for (src = &forward->frec_src; src; src = src->next)
+	    {
+	      header->id = htons(src->orig_id);
+	      
 #ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
-	  dump_packet(DUMP_REPLY, daemon->packet, (size_t)nn, NULL, &forward->source);
+	      dump_packet(DUMP_REPLY, daemon->packet, (size_t)nn, NULL, &src->source);
 #endif
 	      
-	  send_from(forward->fd, option_bool(OPT_NOWILD) || option_bool (OPT_CLEVERBIND), daemon->packet, nn, 
+	      send_from(forward->fd, option_bool(OPT_NOWILD) || option_bool (OPT_CLEVERBIND), daemon->packet, nn, 
-		    &forward->source, &forward->dest, forward->iface);
+			&src->source, &src->dest, src->iface);
+
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_EXTRALOG) && src != &forward->frec_src)
+		{
+		  daemon->log_display_id = src->log_id;
+		  daemon->log_source_addr = &src->source;
+		  log_query(F_UPSTREAM, "query", NULL, "duplicate");
+		}
+	    }
 	}
+
       free_frec(forward); /* cancel */
     }
 }
@@ -2202,6 +2265,17 @@ void free_rfd(struct randfd *rfd)
 
 static void free_frec(struct frec *f)
 {
+  struct frec_src *src, *tmp;
+
+   /* add back to freelist of not the record builtin to every frec. */
+  for (src = f->frec_src.next; src; src = tmp)
+    {
+      tmp = src->next;
+      src->next = daemon->free_frec_src;
+      daemon->free_frec_src = src;
+    }
+  
+  f->frec_src.next = NULL;    
   free_rfd(f->rfd4);
   f->rfd4 = NULL;
   f->sentto = NULL;
@@ -2342,12 +2416,34 @@ static struct frec *lookup_frec_by_sender(unsigned short id,
 					  void *hash)
 {
   struct frec *f;
+  struct frec_src *src;
+
+  for (f = daemon->frec_list; f; f = f->next)
+    if (f->sentto &&
+	!(f->flags & (FREC_DNSKEY_QUERY | FREC_DS_QUERY)) &&
+	memcmp(hash, f->hash, HASH_SIZE) == 0)
+      for (src = &f->frec_src; src; src = src->next)
+	if (src->orig_id == id && 
+	    sockaddr_isequal(&src->source, addr))
+	  return f;
+  
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct frec *lookup_frec_by_query(void *hash, unsigned int flags)
+{
+  struct frec *f;
+
+  /* FREC_DNSKEY and FREC_DS_QUERY are never set in flags, so the test below 
+     ensures that no frec created for internal DNSSEC query can be returned here. */
+
+#define FLAGMASK (FREC_CHECKING_DISABLED | FREC_AD_QUESTION | FREC_DO_QUESTION \
+		  | FREC_HAS_PHEADER | FREC_DNSKEY_QUERY | FREC_DS_QUERY)
   
   for(f = daemon->frec_list; f; f = f->next)
     if (f->sentto &&
-	f->orig_id == id && 
+	(f->flags & FLAGMASK) == flags &&
-	memcmp(hash, f->hash, HASH_SIZE) == 0 &&
+	memcmp(hash, f->hash, HASH_SIZE) == 0)
-	sockaddr_isequal(&f->source, addr))
       return f;
   
   return NULL;